Free sample - The White Power. translation missing

The White Power. The White PowerWhite power is an aggregate term used to depict white racial development as they command pretty much everything in the United States of America. This can be delineated by taking a gander at Ku Klux Klan, the name given to three distinctive old and current preeminent associations in the United States. These tribes are said to have blasted in various occasions (Leeper, 2000) .For instance, the principal Klan blasted in the years 1860s and became in presence during the 1870s and it was just accessible on the southern parts with their white ensembles comprising of makes and robes. The subsequent Klan appeared in the early and mid 1920s while the third was known after the acclaimed Second World War with their life-changing records of rehearsing psychological warfare, a strategy that is accepted to have been supported continuously KKK. History holds that, during the remaking of Radical republican, the principal Klan tried to reestablish prevalence by participating in criminal acts described by murder thus much viciousness against the blacks and white Republicans. This drove the Federal government to put power acts, which upheld for the Klan indictment (Leeper, 2000). The subsequent Klan is supposed to be altogether different from the primary Klan as it was a proper association with its exercises rehearsed nation wide. This Klan educated about clean legislative issues and upheld for Unity in American states. Perhaps the greatest analysis to this Klan is the way that, some nearby gatherings went to limits of assaulting regular citizen houses and did other superfluous savagery. At the point when you think about the historical backdrop of these Klan’s you find that, the third Klan caused an exceptionally high decimation ,as it is accepted to be answerable for the noteworthy bombarding of Birmingham sixteenth road Baptist church, that asserted lives ofâ such a large number of social liberties laborers and blameless children(Leeper,2000). Today numerous individuals accept that, the KKK is an insubordinate association as pronounced in 1999 by the city chamber of Charleston, in southern Carolina and the life-changing efforts made by the University of Louisville educator in the year 2004 to have the Klan announced illicit association, so it might be annulled from the grounds. At present the Klan is said to have such huge numbers of individuals after the 2008 appointment of President Obama.The primary targets of the current enrollment depends on rising issues of illicit outsiders and increment of urban wrongdoings.

Natural Language Processing :: essays research papers

Normal Language Processing      There have been high trusts in Natural Language Processing. Normal Language Processing, likewise referred to just as NLP, is a piece of the more extensive field of Computerized reasoning, the exertion towards making machines think. PCs may seem astute as they do the math and procedure data with blasting speed. In truth, PCs are only idiotic slaves who just comprehend on or off and are constrained to correct guidelines. However, since the development of the PC, researchers have been endeavoring to make PCs not just show up wise yet be savvy. A genuinely keen PC would not be restricted to unbending programming language orders, yet rather have the option to process and comprehend the English language. This is the idea driving Natural Language Preparing.      The stages a message would experience during NLP would comprise of message, grammar, semantics, pragmatics, and proposed meaning. (M. A. Fischer, 1987) Syntax is the syntactic structure. Semantics is the strict importance. Pragmatics is world information, information on the unique circumstance, and a model of the sender. At the point when sentence structure, semantics, and pragmatics are applied, exact Natural Language Processing will exist.      Alan Turing anticipated of NLP in 1950 (Daniel Crevier, 1994, page 9):      "I accept that in around fifty years' time it will be conceivable to program PCs .... to make them play the impersonation game so well that an normal examiner won't have more than 70 percent possibility of making the right distinguishing proof following five minutes of questioning."      But in 1950, the present PC innovation was restricted. In light of these constraints, NLP projects of that day concentrated on misusing the qualities the PCs had. For instance, a program called SYNTHEX attempted to decide the significance of sentences by looking into each word in its reference book. Another early methodology was Noam Chomsky's at MIT. He accepted that language could be investigated with no reference to semantics or pragmatics, just by basically taking a gander at the language structure. Both of these procedures didn't work. Researchers understood that their Artificial Intelligence programs didn't think like individuals do and since individuals are substantially more keen than those projects they chose to make their projects think all the more intently like an individual would. So in the late 1950s, researchers moved from attempting to abuse the capacities of PCs to attempting to copy the human cerebrum. (Daniel Crevier, 1994)      Ross Quillian at Carnegie Mellon needed to attempt to program the affiliated parts of human memory to make better NLP programs. (Daniel Crevier, 1994) Quillian's thought was to decide the significance of a word by the words around it. For instance, take a gander at these sentences: After the strike, the

Why Do People Use Drugs Free Essays

PSY215: DRUGS AND DEPENDENCY ESSAY ONE WHY DO PEOPLE USE DRUGS? LACHLAN SLOAN 30790798 Throughout history, individuals have utilized various types of medications to change the manner in which they feel or experience awareness. Formal utilization of medications has been regularly polished by different societies, for example, the mushroom incited stupor state used by Native American Indians to collective with the Great Spirit. Pacific Islanders drink Kava as a methods for interfacing with the heavenly, recuperating disease and inviting visitors to the network. We will compose a custom article test on For what reason Do People Use Drugs? or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now While Indians alluded to being deliberately high as the territory of ‘Shiva’ and related this procedure with the love of one of their prime divinities, Shiva. After some time the ceremonial utilization of medications has coordinated as a piece of present day society which can be seen in festivities, for example, weddings and birthday events where liquor is regularly devoured. As there is such a huge scope of medications and impacts accessible with many built up utilizations and categorisations the way toward deciding why individuals use drugs becomes mind boggling quickly. Norman E Zinberg built up a hypothesis on tranquilize use which is a generally acknowledged general wellbeing model. The premise of this hypothesis contends that it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to comprehend sedate use, the impacts or the results of the medication experience except if you consider the interrelationship of components between: the medication, the earth and the individual (Zinberg, 1986). With the end goal of this investigation different parts of impact have been sorted dependent on Zinberg’s hypothesis to intelligibly pass on why individuals use drugs. The orders are as per the following: Individual (perception, hereditary qualities, and physical/mental state), tranquilize (saw elements of medication use in the public eye/explicit reason for utilizing a specific substance, sedate related anticipations and enthusiastic use) and condition (social/logical level). Young men et al (2001) recorded among an investigation of 364 members that had utilized cannabis over the previous year that, the two most famous explanations behind utilizing the medication were to ‘just get truly stoned or intoxicated’ (90. 7%) and ‘help you to relax’ (96. 8%). Individuals utilizing drugs frequently express that they use them to feel ‘good’. What causes these individuals to feel ‘good’ is the manner by which the synthetic compounds in these medications impact cognizance. This condition of feeling ‘good’ as well as being high is accomplished on the grounds that most medications follow up on the limbic framework in the mind, alluded to as the ‘pleasure centre’. The presynaptic terminal discharges the synapses Dopamine, Noradrenaline and Serotonin by means of nerves situated at the terminal. These synapses are discharged and travel to the post synaptic terminal where explicit receptor destinations are situated on the nerve cell for every synapse. Here nerve activity potential is created through synapse activity on the receptor site. Common medications act by blocking, emulating or invigorating the arrival of synapses by means of the presynaptic terminal. At the point when Dopamine levels are expanded, imitated or reuptake is allowed (hindered) the prize pathway in the mind is influenced which when animated makes sentiments of delight and rapture (joy is related with remuneration). The ingested tranquilize is thus connected with joy and reward and the individual is impacted to keep utilizing the specific medication. Current psychological persuasive hypotheses of enslavement declare that organizing appetitive, reward-related data assumes an intrinsic job in the turn of events and continuation of substance misuse (Field Cox, 2008; Franken, 2003; Wiers et al 2007). An examination concentrated on remuneration related attentional procedures among 682 youthful young people (mean age= 16. 14) had members complete a persuaded game in the organization of a spatial situating task as a conduct file of appetitive-related attentional procedures and a survey to file substance (liquor, tobacco, and cannabis) use. Correlational examination demonstrated a positive connection between substance use and improved attentional commitment, with prompts that anticipated potential prize and non-discipline (Ostafin et al, 2013). Research since the mid 1960’s has built up that hereditary qualities play a humble (yet important) job in the advancement of medication use issues in certain people (Pickens, 1988; Farrell Strang, 1992; Hill, 1993). It has been passed on by Mcgue (1994) that hereditary qualities have an effect on a person’s air to utilize drugs. After a survey of writing on hereditary qualities explore corresponding to liquor addiction, Mcgue set up that hereditary components apply a moderate impact on male and female hazard for liquor abuse. It has been recommended by Hansler (2001) that psychological maladjustment persuades victims to consume medications (solution and recreational), this procedure can mess sedate up (when an individual ingests medications in the desire for getting away from their manifestations or gets reliant on a doctor prescribed medication). Models incorporate an individual experiencing social uneasiness ingesting cocaine so as to inconsistently improve their amiability when going out with companions. The vast majority of the proof, in any case, appears to show that these components can prompt issues; that is, organic, social and additionally ecological elements incline an individual to have both an emotional wellness and a substance misuse issue. Feel and rawness are additionally sparks for medicate use. An individual will ingest substances to change the physical idea of their body, principally because of the way that they are not happy with a specific part of their physical self. Models incorporate; execution improving medications (steroids), Viagra and anti-microbials. In starting the way toward breaking down the apparent elements of medication use/explicit reason for utilizing a specific substance, psychoactive medications are the primary spot to begin as because of the wide scope of this class. The characterization of psychoactive medications is sub separated into three classifications (with certain medications falling into more than one class); Depressants, Stimulants and Hallucinogens. Depressants work by restraining the movement of the CNS (Central Nervous System), which hinders different substantial capacities, for example, pulse and relaxing. This grouping of medications has with it a notoriety innate inside society as having a quieting impact (advanced basically because of liquor its acknowledgment and accessibility). Individuals for the most part take this kind of medication to unwind, another essential capacity and inspiration of the utilization of depressants is to battle the impacts of pressure and uneasiness (diminishes nerves and loosens up muscle). These medications are normally simple to get being accessible wrongfully and legitimately. Models incorporate gaining a depressant lawfully by means of a doctor’s medicine or benzodiazepines to treat nervousness and buying maryjane from a neighborhood street pharmacist so as to reduce worry from work. Energizers work by invigorating the CNS (expanding mind movement) which makes the body become increasingly excited and responsive. Henceforth energizers hoist the disposition, make fervor and even initiate a condition of elation. Because of the idea of energizers im proving responsiveness this classification of medication is related with expanding people’s vitality levels as mind movement is drastically expanded. Energizers are broadly accessible lawfully and unlawfully with the most well-known being caffeine, which is the most generally utilized medication on the planet (Julien, 2001). Stimulants are a class of medication that adjust perceptual capacities; sight, hearing, smell, taste or physical touch. Psychedelic drugs upset how the nerve cells and the synapse serotonin associate with the CNS. By modifying the normal degrees of serotonin in the body, drugs adjust the manner by which your cerebrum forms data applicable to perceptual capacities. The hindrance of the user’s perceptual capacities takes into consideration the body to produce an extreme high. Subsequently numerous clients of stimulants use this kind of medication to encounter the force of the high or potentially to get away from the real world. Instances of drugs incorporate; enchantment mushrooms, maryjane and LSD. An electronic overview of 96 (50 female, 46 male) normal drinking undergrads over a multi week time span) provided details regarding their earlier week liquor use and experience of 24 liquor related results, including their abstract assessments of those outcomes. Most prominently of the outcomes, various leveled direct model tests uncovered that understudies drank less and experienced less results following a long time in which they appraised their results as increasingly negative (comparative with their own run of the mill abstract assessments), recommending that review one’s ongoing results as aversive prompts self-started conduct change. It was passed on by Boys et al (1999) that noteworthy connections between saw capacities and both the people goals to utilize the medication again later on and the ongoing utilization of a specific medication. Information was gathered from a cross sectional overview of one hundred members matured 16 †21 years old. Higher scores on a five thing social/relevant capacity scale (Eg. utilizing a medication to assist you with feeling progressively sure about a social circumstance) were related with a more prominent recurrence of late cannabis use. Medication anticipation is a psychoactive procedure that happens as a reaction to an individual’s desire that a medication prompted impact will happen. Medication hope uncovers the idea of an individual want to encounter the impacts from a specific drug(s). The impact happens from a person’s own involvement in a medication, training, input from peers/family and media impact. When obtained through direct involvement in a medication, the memory system of positive anticipations can be prepared by inside or outer medication related signs. Prepared anticipations are thought to control resulting drug us

Anguish - Literature Essay Samples

Sometimes, people have a tendency to disguise their anguish with elements of happiness and constantly tell themselves that they are happy when they truly are not. Bertha Young from Katherine Mansfield’s â€Å"Bliss† believed that she was truly happy in her life because she seemed to have everything she needed. However, she comes to the horrible realization that her own blissful relationships are aligned against her happiness, even her own husband, Harry, who has an affair with her mysterious friend, Pearl. Bertha’s feelings of bliss and perfect contentment in her life are in conflict with the harsh reality of the less than favorable incidents within her relationships with Harry, Pearl and even herself – in terms of her symbolic pear tree – and her perceptions of these relationships. In the beginning of the story, Bertha’s feelings of ‘bliss’ are in conflict with Harry’s actions towards her because she feels a notable distance from him. When Bertha was called to answer the phone, â€Å"down she flew† (492) from her feelings of Bliss, no longer as blissful as she was before she got the call from Harry. Bertha was completely content until she got the phone call, and now that she must speak to him, she feels some distance toward him. She wanted to tell him what a great day it was, but she knew he wouldn’t understand: â€Å"she’d nothing to say. She only wanted to get in touch with him for a moment† (492). This portrays how she was not in touch with Harry in a blissful way, and she felt a distance from him in this way, holding back her blissful thoughts from him. When hanging up the phone she was â€Å"thinking how more than idiotic civilization was† (492) after speaking to Harry because she knew Harry did n’t understand what true bliss was, nor did he share her mutual feelings for it, portraying even more of an emotional distance between them. Another factor in opposition to her bliss is how Bertha â€Å"knew how [Harry] loved doing things at high pressure† (495) but she did not know how intense and dangerous Harry liked things until the stories end. His high pressure lifestyle was completely opposite to Bertha, who liked things to be calm, collected and happy. Bertha struggled to connect with Harry emotionally, but she continued to try and stay blissful, regardless of her husband being unable to understand it. In the middle of the story, Bertha’s connection to Pearl and how she views Pearl negatively affect Bertha’s bliss; Pearl shows signs of a false friendship, cues that Bertha convinced herself were genuine. There were numerous opportunities for Bertha to see deeper into Pearl’s personality, and some were foreshadowed in the story through interactions with other characters. When Harry was noting things he disliked about Pearl, â€Å"Bertha wouldn’t agree with him; not yet at any rate† (493). Bertha wanted Harry to like Pearl which would add to Bertha’s bliss, but this disagreement with him foreshadows how Bertha would soon know the truth about Pearl even though she had the ability to see the truth right at that moment when speaking to Harry. Harry had no reason to dislike Pearl, and Bertha could have questioned this further and found out the truth about his true feelings for Pearl. Another opportunity Bertha had to see the truth is when â€Å"M iss Fulton did not look at [Bertha]† (495) after she entered Bertha’s home for the dinner party. Avoiding eye contact is seen in many people who have secrets to hide, and this shows how Pearl felt guilty for the things she was doing, for pretending to befriend a woman she was lying to. Pearl didn’t look at Bertha, but Bertha believed this was something Pearl always did, and Bertha convinced herself that there was a reason to hide this evidence of Pearl lying, convinced she should remain blissful regardless of the signs. Lastly, Bertha and Pearl displayed an attachment to each other with little information passed between them, and they gained a deeper connection of who they are to each other: they â€Å"stood side by side looking at the slender, flowering tree [and they were] understanding each other perfectly† (497). For Bertha, that tree was a â€Å"symbol of her own life† (493), so to have Pearl view that symbol and understand its deeper meaning i s to truly connect with Bertha and her feelings. However, Bertha did not ask Pearl how she felt and assumed Pearl’s feelings. Asking Pearl about her connection at this point could have revealed the information Bertha needed to see the truth of the affair. Bertha used this moment of connection to Pearl as a way to remain blissful and oblivious to the affair and convince herself that there was nothing wrong between the two women in their friendship. At the end of the story, the pear tree is not only a symbol for blissful Bertha’s life, but it is also a symbol for her true self because Bertha’s static lifestyle discourages any feelings other than bliss. Throughout the story, the image of the â€Å"tall, slender pear tree† (493) was often used as a symbol for Bertha’s life: a slim, rigid, stagnant lifestyle that did not show evidence of climaxing at any point. Bertha’s relationship with this pear tree showed her an inevitable truth about herself: her life was invariable and because of this, she could do nothing about the drastic changes in her relationships except remain oblivious and blissful. Upon finding out about the affair, instead of getting emotional about learning the truth, Bertha seeks to find meaning within her symbolic tree: â€Å"‘Oh, what is going to happen now?’ she cried. But the pear tree was as lovely as ever and as full of flower and as still† (499). Instead of thinking about what she should do about the affair, she looks to her symbolic tree for answers and inadvertently looks into herself to find the truth. The final line of the story proves that Bertha is incapable of change. She sees that the tree has not changed, and since the tree is a symbol for her being, Bertha is unchanging as well. This means that Bertha is incapable of accepting the truth and is unsure of how to handle it, so she constantly ignores the signs and chooses to be blissful. Bertha, in Mansfields narrative, searched for answers in her own way to try to understand the opposing forces to her bliss and the betrayal from Harry, Pearl and within herself through precious tree. Bertha’s bliss was truly anguish in disguise: she was ignoring all the signs of her husband’s betrayals and telling herself to stay blissful despite the evidence she found, even with the bond she and Pearl felt. Bertha’s bliss was a constant cover up, and with each mention of ‘bliss’ in the story came an event that was less than favorable to her happiness. Bertha was truly concealing herself from the truth and letting herself subconsciously believe that all was right in her world; she even trusted in her pear tree to tell her the answers at times. However, trusting in herself and her tree for the answers led to her realizing that she is incapable of change. Sometimes, the blissful world has to be ruined for a person to see the final truths within their l ives.

Importance of the Math Concept Area

Area is a mathematical term defined as the two-dimensional space taken up by an object, notes Study.com, adding that the use of area has many practical applications in building, farming, architecture, science, and even how much carpet youll need to cover the rooms in your house. Sometimes the area is quite easy to determine. For a square or rectangle, the area is the number of square units inside a figure, says Brain Quest Grade 4 Workbook. Such polygons have four sides, and you can determine the area by multiplying the length by the width. Finding the area of a circle, however, or even a triangle can be more complicated and involves the use of various formulas. To truly understand the concept of area—and why its important in business, academics, and everyday life—its helpful to look at the history of the math concept, as well as why it was invented. History and Examples Some of the first known writings about area came from Mesopotamia, says Mark Ryan in Geometry for Dummies, 2nd Edition. This high school math teacher, who also teaches a workshop for parents and has authored numerous math books, says that the Mesopotamians developed the concept to deal with the area of fields and properties: Farmers knew that if one farmer planted an area three times as long and twice as wide as another farmer, then the bigger plot would be 3 x 2 or six times as large as the samller one. The concept of area had many practical applications in the ancient world and in past centuries, Ryan notes: The architects of the pyramids at Giza, which were built about 2,500 B.C., knew how large to make each triangular side of the structures by using the formula for finding the area of a two-dimensional triangle.The Chinese knew how to calculate the area of many different two-dimensional shapes by about 100 B.C.Johannes Keppler, who lived from 1571 to 1630, measured the area of sections of the orbits of the planets as they circled the sun using formulas for calculating the area of an oval or circle.Sir Isaac Newton used the concept of area to develop calculus. So ancient humans, and even those who lived up through the Age of Reason, had many practical uses for the concept of area. And the concept became even more useful in practical applications once simple formulas were developed to find the area of various two-dimensional shapes. Formulas to Determine the Area Before looking at the practical uses for the concept of area, you first need to know formulas for finding the area of various shapes. Fortunately, there are many formulas used to  determine the area of polygons, including these most common ones: Rectangle A rectangle is a special type of quadrangle where all the interior angles are equal to 90 degrees and all opposite sides are the same length. The formula for finding the area of a rectangle is: A H x W where A represents the area, H is the height, and W is the width. Square A square is a special type of a rectangle, where all the sides are equal. Because of that, the formula for finding a square is simpler than that for finding a rectangle: A S x S where A stands for the area and S represents the length of one side. You simply multiply two sides to find the area, since all sides of a square are equal. (In more advanced math, the formula would be written as A S^2, or area equals side squared.) Triangle A triangle is a three-sided closed figure. The perpendicular distance from the base to the opposite highest point is called the height (H). So the formula would be: A  ½ x B x H where A, as noted, stands for the area, B is the base of the triangle, and H is the height. Circle The area of a circle is the total area that is bounded by the circumference or the distance around the circle. Think of the area of the circle as if you drew the circumference and filled in the area within the circle with paint or crayons. The formula for the area of a circle is: A   Ãâ‚¬ x r^2 In this formula, A, is, again, the area, r represents the radius (half the distances from one side of the circle to the other), and Ï€ is a Greek letter pronounced pi, which is 3.14 (the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter). Practical Applications There are many authentic and real-life reasons where you would need to calculate the area of various shapes. For instance, suppose you are looking to sod your lawn; you would need to know the area of your lawn in order to purchase enough sod. Or, you may wish to lay carpet in your living room, halls, and bedrooms. Again, you need to calculate the area to determine how much carpeting to purchase for the various sizes of your rooms. Knowing the formulas to calculate areas will help you determine the areas of the rooms. For example, if your living room is 14 feet by 18 feet, and you want to find the area so that you can buy the correct amount of carpet, you would use the formula for finding the area of a rectangle, as follows: A H x WA 14 feet x 18 feetA 252 square feet. So you would need 252 square feet of carpet. If, by contrast, you wanted to lay tiles for your bathroom floor, which is circular, you would measure the distance from one side of the circle to the other—the diameter—and divide by two. Then you would apply the formula for finding the area of the circle as follows: A   Ãâ‚¬(1/2 x D)^2 where D is the diameter, and the other variables are as described previously. If the diameter of your circular floor is 4 feet, you would have: A   Ãâ‚¬ x (1/2 x D)^2A Ï€ x (1/2 x 4 feet)^2A 3.14 x (2 feet)^2A 3.14 x 4 feetA 12.56 square feet You would then round that figure off to 12.6 square feet or even 13 square feet. So you would need 13 square feet of tile to complete your bathroom floor. If you have a really original-looking room in the shape of a triangle, and you want to lay carpet in that room, you would use the formula for finding the area of a triangle. Youd first need to measure the base of the triangle. Suppose you find that the base is 10 feet. Youd measure the height of the triangle from the base to the top of the triangles point. If the height of your triangular rooms floor is 8 feet, youd use the formula as follows: A  ½ x B x HA  ½ x 10 feet x 8 feetA  ½ x 80 feetA 40 square feet So, youd need a whopping 40 square feet of carpet to cover the floor of that room. Make sure you have enough credit remaining on your card before heading to the home-improvement or carpeting store.

The Effects Of Media Violence On Children - 974 Words

Nowadays, people have more ways to access many kinds of media, like Internet, video game, television and film. It is generally believed that some of the bad information such as violent content in the media can have a negative effect on people, and it can end up causing some social problem. It is clear that children are more likely to be influenced by media violence than other age groups because of their world outlook and personality are not formed. Furthermore is if media violence does have some profound influence on children, this will lead to more social problems in the next generation. If people do not want their children to be affected by media violence, each person should pay attention in how to solve this problem. The thesis will focus on discussing the effects on children caused by media violence, and social problems caused by these effects, then give solutions. Specifically, children are influenced by media violence because media are lack supervision, therefore It can be reso lved through Legislative limit and family regulation. The main reason for this problem is that children can be easily exposed to violence in the media. There is no doubt that if children can access to media violence by freely, there must be some deficiencies in the supervision and restriction aspects of these media. Cantoret(1998) suggest that there are more violence be added in the media because it can attract more audiences, then get more business interests (p. 89). On the other hand, inShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children873 Words   |  4 Pages According to the Media Education Foundation, once a child reaches eighteen years of age, they have witnessed around 200,000 acts of violence and 16,000 murders (jacksonkatz.com). Our society loves entertainment and a grand portion of this entertainment contains violence. Children constantly consume violent visuals, due to their prevalence. Majority of our society is uninterested in the effects of media violence si nce its effects do not show immediately. Misinformation is our greatest enemy in theRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children884 Words   |  4 Pagesis all this necessary to fabricate in the media? What are characters in movies teaching kids? What about the language in music talking about killing people and talking about violence like it’s the cool thing? What about new channels always talking about guns, bombs and threats to the public, is this what is influencing are children because they view it as a norm? Some may agree with this as others may disagree. Media violence is not the factor in violence today. Studies show that over 90% of homesRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children1357 Words   |  6 Pagesthe graphic cruelty and violence. According to American Psychological Association, the harmful influence of media violence on children dates back to the 1950s and 1960s, and remains strong today. A child that watches violence or hears about violence can be influenced to become violent. Indeed, in reviewing the totality of empirical evidence regarding the impact of media violence, the conclusion that exposure to violent portrayals poses a risk of harmful effects on children has been reached by theRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children1943 Words   |  8 PagesFor many years now, the media has been a big part of our lives. Almost everybody in the world is or has connected to it one way or another. It is a way for families and friends to have fun together, for interesting topics that people are interested in, or to just enjoy alone. However, there is a problem that can be seen across all types of media: violence. Violence can be seen as a distraught way to get over problems. There is judgement issues involved for violence. It is done by bullies in schoolRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children2411 Words   |  10 PagesMedia Violence is definitely harmful to children as the exposure of media violence can desensitize children (age 6-12) to violence and in the real world; violence becomes enjoyable and does not result in apprehensiveness in the child. There have been several studies and experiments regarding the adverse effects of violence used in video games, television, as well as movies. With both preschool and school-aged children, studies have found that they are more likely to imitate the violence they seeRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children2122 Words   |  9 Pagesexposed to various types of media, for example books or magazines, television, song lyrics, video games, and movies. Media often portrays, aggressive action, behaviour, and violence. This content can negatively affect not only adolescents and adults, but can have an even greater effect on children even from the moment they are exposed to it. Children who are exposed to violence in the media may display aggressive and violent behaviour. Young people especially children under the age of eight thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children1903 Words   |  8 Pagesdepict different forms of violence. Some people feel that there is too much violence exposed in the media. Many studies have made the claim that the media is responsible for much of the violence seen in the world we live in. However, people have choices and responsibilities we cannot allow ourselves to blame it on other things such as the media. The violence seen in our media has an impact on both adults and children. Since children are also exposed to various forms of media, there has been additionalRead MoreEffects of Media Violence on Children2430 Words   |  10 PagesThe Effect of Media Violence on Children and Levels of Aggression. It has been said that children are like sponges when it comes to attaining knowledge. This seems to be true whether they are learning to speak or how to show emotion. Feelings and emotions become more imminent once children begin to go through adolescents. Children acquire the ability to aggression, sadness, and happiness more readily. Males typically exhibit higher levels of aggression then females according to some researchRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children1270 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent forms of violence. Some people feel that there is too much violence exposed in the media. Many studies have made the claim that the media is responsible for much of the violence seen in the world we live in (List and Wolfgang). However, people have choices and responsibilities we cannot allow ourselves to blame it on other things such as the media. The violence seen in our media has an impact on both adults and children. Since children are also exposed to various forms of media, there has beenRead MoreWhat Is the Effect of Media Violence on Children1314 Words   |  6 PagesYasser Abdelaziz Ms. Williams English 1010-18 13, December 2010 The Effect of Media Violence on Children Although very little research was done on it in the past, media violence has sparked much controversy in recent history. As technology becomes more advanced, new methods of uncovering the media’s effects on children have emerged. Advances in Neuroscience, for example, can become tools to understanding the effects media violence has from a psychological standpoint. The brain in its underpinnings

The Hotel and Hospitality Management Industry - Food & Beverages

Question: Discuss about the Hotel and Hospitality Management Industry. Answer: Introduction An organization or industry cannot work as a singular unit. It can be identified as a comprehensive body of a several parts those are serving as some of the integral parts of that particular industry. However, in this particular report, the author is providing a dedicated discussion on the importance of the importance of Food Beverage Department in Hospitality Industry. The hospitality industry can be identified as a wide-ranging category of service within "service industry" which includes accommodation, event arrangement, "theme parks", transport, "cruise line", and many other fields within the "tourism industry." As opined by Brotherton (2013) in the modern world, this particular industry can be identified as one of the majorly potential industries. With the continuous increase in the rate of disposable income among the individuals worldwide, the hospitality industry is continuously gaining ground. On the other hand, the idea of the food and beverages is closely related to the success of the hospitality industry. As mentioned by Abu Khalifeh and Som (2012) the food and beverage industry is usually defined by the output of products, but it does not include the manufacturing of food and drinks. As discussed by Davis et al. (2013) the basic function of the food and beverage industry is to serve food and drinks to people and satisfy their various types of needs. However, in an organization that is serving the hospitality sector, both manufacturing and service are important. Here, with this particular report, the author is trying to explore the importance and the level of contribution of the food and beverage department in the hospitality industry. Not a good number of scholastic articles are available on this issue. Hence, this report will be helpful for the organizations, which are serving in the same field to improve the food and beverage department to ensure better profit level. With the help of this report, the author is trying to understand the extent of influence of this particular segment on the hospitality and the issue, which the organizations or the food and beverage departments are facing, which is affecting the profitability as well as the service of this department. Moreover, the aim of this report is to suggest some pragmatic solutions or recommendations to eliminate those challenges. In some empirical instances, it has been noted that the main issue of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty is closely related to the quality of food and beverages served in such organizations. Food is the basic need. Hence, it can be easily imagined that the food and beverage department is an integral part of the hospitality industry. As mentioned by Mok, Sparks and Kadampully (2013) the food and beverage service department is a fundamental part of any hospitality organization as it deals with the systematic and the actual service of food and beverage to the customers. Hence, it is important for them to provide the best quality service to provide the supreme service encounter. Moreover, as mentioned by Kokkranikal et al. (2013) this department manages a vital contribution to providing the precise service of "food and beverage" with the help of "placing the orders from the hot or cold plates of the kitchen to the customer's table in the proper and the hospitality manner." Hence, it can be anticipated that the food and beverage department is largely contributing to the customer satisfaction and organizational offerings of the companies working in this particular sector. On the other hand, as opined by Abu Khalifeh and Som (2012) by influencing the customer satisfaction level, the food and beverage department largely contribute to the profit potentialities of these organizations. As this particular department is direct dealing with the customers, hence, it is important for them to customer centric. The operation of the food and beverage department influences the customers in a multidisciplinary order. By providing special and tasty food items they are serving the physiological need, by providing good value they are economical, by creating a good ambiance and taking care of the customer convenience, they are also serving the psychological needs. Thus, the service pattern of this particular department is closely related to the idea of customer satisfactio n. As discussed by Khorand Ahmad (2015) in the hospitality industry customer satisfaction is a prerequisite for the organizations success. Increased satisfaction level creates customer loyalty, which ensures recurring income from the customers end. Moreover, as opined by Chen and Lin (2012) in the service industry mainly the hospitality service, the client's recommendation possesses a huge level of promotional value. Hence, it is important to provide the best level of customer satisfaction to them, which is largely dependent on the service pattern of the food and beverage department. However, as the report is mostly dependent on the theoretical knowledge and reports of various previously done researches, the report may suffer a few issues with its quality of research. As primary data was not available, the authentication cannot be claimed for the data and their sources. Moreover, the report is largely dependent on the previously collected information. Hence, the data provided are not up to date, which is limiting the quality level of the report. Moreover, the report is unable to provide a complete picture of the scenario as it is lacking the feature of being a primary research report. Discussion As depicted by Davis et al. (2013), the hospitality industry is a field where the primary objective of origination is to provide customer services like lodging, transportation, theme parks, and event planning and cruise line. Lawson (2015) moreover depicts that there are three categories of the hospitality industry- food and beverage, accommodations and travel and tourism; however, this business report focuses on the food and beverage departments of the hospitality industry. Different Food Beverage Outlets in hospitality sectors According to Andrews (2013), there are different food and beverage operators like quick service restaurants, mid-scale operators, casual dining hotels, fine dining and retails food and beverages industries. It is found from the statistical data that depicts that service demands are greater in quick service restaurants compared to other food and beverage operators. All Day Dining Restaurants, Fine Dining Restaurants and Specialty Restaurants Canziani et al. (2016) describe that there are Coffee Shop or Cafe in Hotels where the customers can go at any time of the day and spend time while having their snacks and drinks. Moreover, this All Day Dining spaces also operates for serving breakfast, lunch and dinner according to the customer's requirements. In the context of the fine dining department, the hospitality industry serves very high quality of food. As the hospitality industry emphasizes on the quality of the food they serve, they use fresh ingredients and natural flavors so that their customers gets satisfied (Ponnam Balaji, 2014). Moreover, in specialty restaurants, the demands for a particular cuisine are served in Chinese Specialty Restaurant, Italian Specialty Restaurant, Thai Specialty Restaurants and others. Discotheque/Nightclub Some hospitality industries have nightclubs especially in four-star and five-star hotels. Chan et al. (2015) depicts that these sectors emphasis on Music and Entertainment along with the Food Drink. In such sectors, customers are looking for good quality of food in between their dance and enjoyment. Some customers come in the bar only for drinks and snacks. Meeting and Conference Rooms Hospitality industries consist of meeting and conference rooms for business personnel so that they can accomplish their business meetings. Banquets Conference section comes under this department of the hospitality sector. Sen and Kaushik (2016) illustrates that a great revenue can be earned from these sectors- MICE (Meetings, Incentives, and Conferences Exhibitions). Lounge The lounge is a public room in a hospitality industry that accommodates cozy seating in relaxed surroundings and can be categorized in Lounge in a Lobby, Cigar Lounge, Cocktail Lounge and Club Lounge on special Floors. Hotel (2012) stated that food and confectionary are the primary objectives to satisfy the guests. Thus, good quality of food and the special customer services provide them more recognition in the society. Importance of food and beverage department Sayed et al. (2016) stated that food and beverage reign supreme and is a prime element for high-end restaurants, fast-food eateries and catering establishments. In addition to that, Ponnam and Balaji (2014) portrays that food and beverages department is associated with providing food and beverage to be consumed by the guests for the people who demands their foods and to the guests, who came there to stay. However, not only the department is associated with the serving of the food but also they are responsible for the quality of the foods, and the goodness of their service. Department Engagement in Hospitality industry Krishna (2014) mentions in his research work that a huge percentage of 49% of the sector of a hospitality industry is obtained from the food and department sector and the rest of the 51% is engaged for the accommodation services, amusement facilities for children, taxi and limousine service heritage institution and washing and drying facility. Andrews (2013) also portrays that people opt hotel for spending their leisure time and is responsible for maintaining high quality of food and service, managing the bars and food counter along with the costing of the food. The concerned department is comprised of the kitchen and drinks prepared in the bar. Moreover, hospitality industry primarily consisting of hotel, restaurants and travel and tourism institutes. AbuKhalifeh and Som (2012) defines that there are numerous restaurants, where food and beverages counter plays a crucial role not only in the customer satisfaction but also in the betterment of the hospitality industry. Gross profitability in hotel type by food and beverage facility Moreover, introducing food and beverage counter in the hospitality industry obtain a huge percentage of total revenue. Parry et al. (2016) also mentions that in recent times, there are gambling facilities also introduced in these sectors, to make a more significant net contribution to hotel profits by serving them food and beverages along with the gaming options. It is found from the statistical data obtained by Australian Bureau of Statistics that a huge profit of total profit is obtained by the hotels having gambling facilities than the hotel, which serves only accommodation facilities with food ("Hospitality Industries", 2016). Figure 1: Gross profitability in hotel type by food and beverage service in 2014 (Source: "Hospitality Industries", 2016) Analysis of Gross profitability by hotel type by food and beverage facility It is evident from the above figure that the food and beverage help to earn a huge profit and in the year 2014 for Australian industries, it is found that the overall profits gained in from the sale of liquor, other beverages, meals and food were $7,906.9 million. On the other hand, the business with gambling facility earns $6,478.9 million and hotels with no gambling facility earn $1,428 million. Similarly, in purchases for the sale of liquor, other beverages, meals and food, hotel businesses with gambling facilities earned $3,759.4 million while hotel businesses without gambling facilities earned $593.7 million, which makes the total profit of $4,353.1 million. It is also found that both of the hotel businesses have exceeded their gross margin by a significant difference, which indicates the importance of introducing food and beverage counter in the hospitality industry. Food and drink sales of hotel and restaurants Slining et al. (2013) on the other hand discussed that people in the United States also spend their holiday and family gatherings, business meetings in hotels to meet their accommodation and food requirements. The annual profit gathered from these facilities is continuously increasing and is estimated to exceed the profit limit attained in the year 2015. Figure 2: Food and drink sales of hotel restaurants in the United States from 2009-2016 (Source:"Hotel restaurants: sales U.S. 2016 | Statistic", 2016) Analysis of Food and drink sales of hotel and restaurants It is depicted from the above statistical data that in the US the annual revenue gained in the year 2014 was $34.73 billion while in 2015 it was $36.71 billion and an estimation cost is predicted by the experts that in the year 2016 the annual profit will be $38.57 billion("Hotel restaurants: sales U.S. 2016 | Statistic", 2016). However, the profit may exceed the estimated profit limit as corporate sector invests more on this facility not only for business meetings but also for unofficial gatherings and holiday packages to their employees and other reasons. Restaurant industry food and drink sales Hotel and restaurants play a crucial role by having significant markets share among all the hospitality industry. Martinez (2013) stated that the United Kingdom in one of the greatest countries adopting different measures to improve the sales of the food and beverages to the customers for making profits. Stated by Pratt (2012), in the hospitality industry from 1970 to 2016 there is a tremendous increase in the hospitality industry in the United Kingdom. According to his work, the profit from the sales of food and drink in 1970 is $42.8 billion, which keeps on increasing at an exponential rate until 2008. After 2008, the revenue though the food and drink sale in the United Kingdom was of $683.09 billion and $745.61 billion in the year 2014 and 2015 respectively ("Restaurant industry: total sales U.K. 2016 | Statistic", 2016). Food and beverage sales in the hotels of Canada versus the United States Han et al. (2014) portrays that the sales of the food and the beverage in a hospitality industry relies on many factors and every sector of this industry should adopt them to increase their sales. This can easily be depicted from the comparison made by Kokkranikal (2013), according to which it can be between sales of food and beverages in the hospitality industry in US and Canada. The above data shows that Canadas sale is far below than the United States as a number of populations are crucial to measure as they are the primary source for the sales of food (Hall et al., 2013). The total population in the United States is 320,090,857 and 35,749,600in Canada according to the recent population statistics ("Population Clock", 2016"Canada Population | 1960-2016", 2016). The US hospitality industry planned their food and beverage counters by dividing into key areas of choice of the customers like starters and main course, alcohol and non-alcohol beverages. They also focus on seating efficie ncy, sales of food and beverages per hour, sales per labor hour, and revenue per available seat hour to measure their profit revenue that is not considered by Canadas hotel sectors. As a result, due to the federal sales tax on meals, US make a huge profit on Canada. Sales per segment in hospitality industry Harrington et al. (2013) depicts that whenever an organization introduces some facility it affects the market share. Krishna (2014) on the other hand affirms the above sayings that in hospitality industry also the room facility, gym facility, clothing services and especially the food service they are providing to their customers directly affects their market share. Sliwa et al. (2016) illustrates from the research work made in 2013 that Quick service restaurants (QSR) earn a huge profit from their food services they are solely associated with offering the food starting to the local communal. Figure 3: Sales per segment in hospitality industry (Source: Harrington et al., 2013) Analysis of sales per segment in hospitality industry Quick service restaurants have attained the profit of $23,139.7 million to $24,114.5 million in the year 2012 and 2013 respectively; however, their market share remains the same that is 35.4%. Furthermore in hospitality industry, the dining section where there is a full-time food service for breakfast, lunch and dinner have improved their market share in the year 2012 to 2013 that is from 34.7% to 35.0% and earned a profit of $22,631.1 million to $23,847.3 million in these two respective years. In the bar section, the drinks offered to the customers is increased per year and in 2012, drinking section of the food and beverages section of hospitality industry earned a profit of $2,355.6 million to $2,358.6 million in 2013; however, the market share percentage has gone down by 0.1% from 2012 to 2013. Performance by province for foodservice in hospitality industry Krishna (2014) depicts that the place and the province is also a crucial factor for achieving better profitability and thus by researching it is found that a huge revenue of the hospitality industry is obtained from its food services they offered to their customers. Kim et al. (2015) depicts that in the above statistical data, the country of Canada is taken into consideration where it is found that in the province of Canada, the hospitality sector is huge and have a total of 88,795 food service unit of food and beverage department. These sectors lead the collected data compared to other states of Canada that are Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia. Hall et al. (2013) also depicts that in Canada, food, beverage-processing industry is the second largest manufacturing industry, and it earned a profit of $105.5billion in 2014 from this sector. Moreover, they also gain a profit from exporting their beverage items to other states and target markets. Kokkranikal et al. (2013) illustrates t hat their top six target markets are United States, China, Japan, Mexico, Russia and South Korea where they export 71%, 7%, 6%, 2.1%, 1.6% and 1.3% respectively. Among all these exports, the meat product manufacturingaccounts for 25% of all shipments and a total of $26.3billion is earned in the year 2014. Staffs management in food and beverage counter Figure 4: Organization Chart of food and beverage product division (Source: Davis et al. 2013) Analysis of organization chart of food and beverage product division It is now evident from the above structure that a hospitality industry plans their food and beverage counter precisely in order to provide their customers every variety of food in a hassle free manner. Davis et al.(2013) defines that every section of the food and beverage is categorized and skilled and professional workers are being recruited for supporting the respective field. The executive chef handles the entire kitchen proceedings and follows all the approach of the cooks who are responsible for preparing the food according to the customers taste. The chef on the other hand chefs takes care of the proceedings of the helpers who are a newly joined employee and learning to be the cook in their future days. Petkova (2016) also depicts that at different cuisines departments, every chef make the daily worker learn about the kitchen workers but also make them aware of the manners while servings the food to their customers. These workers are also responsible for the train the candidate recruited for serving their service in the food and beverage department. Issues facing the hospitality industry in food and beverage industry Timely food delivery It is evident that customers are looking for food whenever they are hungry or they are waiting for some of their acquaintance in the food area. Sloan et al. (2013) depicts that it is the responsibility of the organization to serve them food in the minimum time as possible; however, some industry delay in delivery of the food. These delays timing of foods have many reasons like insufficient stock, improper human resources, excess absenteeism of employee. Hall and Gossling (2013) in addition to that depicts that these activities customers engagement may affect, and they may not recommend anyone to use other services. Lack of well-trained professionals Nor et al. (2016) states that not only the food services and the quality are responsible for the success of the food and beverage counter but the way the employee behaves with the customers and their curtesy plays a crucial role in their business approach. Jackson and Singh (2015) further added that a well-behaved employee and skilled chefs could understand the customer's requirement and demands and provide the food according to their choice in order to satisfy their requirements. Inefficient communication skills As per as the viewpoint of Dawson et al. (2014), if there are no communications between the waiters and chefs and managing authorities, the exact business requirement can never be achieved and the newly joined employee can never get the knowledge regarding the food and beverages approaches. This results in the low employee productivity, creativity, motivation and inspiration in the workplace and diminishes the organizations profitability. Poor teamwork skills Effective communication has a significant role in building up a team. Yusuf and Anuar (2014) mentions in his article that lack of understanding can harms the organizations performance as the senior members of the team do not help their juniors. Moreover, Yang et al. (2015) depicts thatdue to some conflict, the senior chefs do not train the junior chefs to prepare exotic dishes and proper behavioral skills that is important in hospitality industry. As a consequence, they hurt the emotion of some customers with their behavior that have negative impact on the origination. Staff turn-over Mohsin et al. (2015) states the negative impact of a hospitality industry that some of the hotel industry hire employee in lower wage and ask them to do more work than usual working hours. Moreover, the poor work-and-life balance and misalignment with the job roles results in the staffsturnover, as they are not satisfied with the kind of work they are performing. In addition to that, the less attachment with the work affects the working quality and the services they are providing at the food counter. Unavailability of food choices Customers get attracted towards an industry where they can get more options and variety in their services. In hospitality industry,people for different cultural background and diversity come to experience the food of different origin. Almohanna and Serrano (2014) hence depicts that if they is an unavailability of the food options in the menu at food and beverages counter, that particular organization may lose their brand image among their customers. Thus, it is an obligation for each hospitality industry to introduce variety of food option so that customers can choose different food of their own choice. Lack of inventory In food and beverage industry, availability of food resources is essential, as it is the main sources for making foods and without which making variety of food items is not possible. Almohanna and Serrano (2014) also depicts that if these required raw materials are not possible it results in delay in food items that is ordered by consumers otherwise the customers have to order other items that is available with them. Government influence These are the additional yet crucial point to ponder that is not directly associated with the customer by related to the hospitality industry. Income tax rates, costs of employee benefits so that the agricultural producers especially dairy and poultryfarmers can be supported so that the ingredients like milk, cheese, butter, eggs, and chicken can be obtained at abundance to serve milk products items to the customers (Pratt, 2012). Provincial governments with employment standards, sales tax and employment standards also influence food and beverage sector. These standards are primarily affected in offering of liquor, wine, and beer wholesale pricing. Health and Safety In hospitality industry, it is important for the hospitality industry to keep the food hygienic and the entire place clean, as customers are more attracted towards the health and safety factors of their customers. Placements of part-time nutritionist and a doctor in the hospitality industry for food and beverage counter not only provide the customer to develop a professional liking towards the organization but it also help the industry to take care of their valuable customers. Conclusion This business report is based on the importance of food and beverage counter in hospitality industries. Hotels, restaurants, casinos and even airline are the major art of the hospitality industry; however, hotels and restaurants hold the significant position in this sector. People used hotels and restaurants for having foods and went to the hotel for spending their holidays; attend business meetings and wedding ceremonies not only for getting the accommodation facility for a huge number of people but also for getting them food. Thus, food and beverage counter are essential in such industries. All day dining restaurants, fine dining restaurants and specialty restaurants, discotheque/nightclub, meeting and conference rooms and lounge are some hotel and restaurant types where people often served food from the concerned organisation. This business report also emphasizes on the statistical data from the previous research made by some analysts to proof that there is a need of food counters and they helps in enhancing the annual revenues. From statistical data it is been found that 49% of the hospitality sector invests in food facility compared with accommodation services, amusement facilities for children, taxi and limousine service heritage institution and washing and drying facility. It is also found that casinos and gambling are also introduced in the hospitality industry so that high-profile people can get attracted toward their hotels. Gross profitability in hotel type by food and beverage facility also have significant net contribution to hotel profits by serving them food and beverages along with the gaming options and in the year 2014. It is also found that $3,759.4 million is earned by selling of liquor, other beverages, meals and food, hotel businesses with gambling facilities earned while hotel businesses without gambling facilities earned $593.7 million, which makes the total profit of $4,353.1 dollars. In this report, from research it has also been found that in the United States, the annual revenue gained in the year 2014 was $34.73 billion while in 2015, it was $36.71 billion and it is forecasted that in the year 2016 the annual profit will be $38.57 billion. Similarly, in the United Kingdom, there is a profit of $42.8 billion of sales of food and dr ink in 1970 and the estimation of 2016s profit will be $782.67 billion. This country also earned a profit of $683.09 billion and $745.61 billion in the year 2014 and 2015 respectively. Moreover, there is research made for comparing the hospitality facility offered by Canada versus United States that defines that US majorly focuses on seating efficiency, sales of food and beverages per hour, sales per labour hour, revenue per available seat hour to measure their profit revenue that is not considered by Canadas hotel sectors. Furthermore, sales per segment in hospitality industry in 2013 is greater for quick service restaurants (QSR) earns a huge profit from their food services was $23,139.7 million to $24,114.5 million in the year 2012 and 2013 respectively and in hospitality industry a profit of $2,355.6 million to $2,358.6 million in 2013was earned. The performance by province for foodservice in hospitality industry in Canada, Ontario is the leader with $21 billion profit compared to food and beverage department of hospitality industry in Quebec, BC, and Alberta, where eachearned $8 to $10 billion of profit. It is also found that some of the issues facing that this industry is facing are timely food delivery, lack of well-trained professionals, inefficient communication skills, poor teamwork skills, excess staff turnovers, unavailability of food choices, lack of inventory, government influence and health and safety issues in food and hygiene. Recommendations Hence, from the above discussion the major issues those can identified as the major issues of this department, are the Reduction of the disposable income among individuals, the recent trend of healthy eating, lack of innovation in the product and service, restricted use of technology, lack of efficient employees, huge employee turnover rate and many more. These issues can be identified as some of the major challenges those the hospitality has to meet in the coming future to be profitable. Hence, the author likes to suggest the following recommendations those can be proved to be useful in meeting these challenges: The organizations, which are playing on this field, need to identify their customers with exact precision. It will help them in setting the pricing strategy more pragmatically. The organizations need to focus on lowering down the price of the food and beverages, as they are the integral part of this industry. As discussed by Brotherton (2012) the global economic slowdown is affecting the hospitality industry on a huge level, as it largely serves the "lifestyle service." Now, this economic downturn is affecting the support system of the food and beverage department of the organizations. Hence, it is important the companies to decrease the price level or use a bit more strategic pricing strategy. In addition, the organizations need to focus on following creative and innovative strategies in their service and product. Most of the organizations serve the same food and even the quality is more or less same. They need to be innovative in their product line. The organizations can also opt for focusing on being creative and modern with the ethnic food and beverages. As mentioned by Marshall et al. (2015) there is a motivation of inquisition among the consumers of trying ethnic foods. By being creative with the esthetic food line, the organizations will also be able to serve modern but traditional foods to the consumers. On the other hand, it will also be motivational for the employees. As the food and beverage departments of the hospitality industry uses the job shop technique, it is important for them to be innovative in their production pattern (Mensah Dei Mensah, 2013). Reduction of the employee turnover and redundancy rate is one of the major challenges that the organizations are mostly facing. To fight this issue the organizations need to employ the individuals who are genuinely motivated to serve this industry. This industry requires a huge level of dedication and motivation from the workers end. Hence, sometimes it becomes hard for the employees to maintain the same level of dedication and efficiency. Moreover, it cannot be ignored that the compensation level is also propelling them to lose the motivation. Hence, it can be recommended that the organizations need to uplift the compensation level to reduce the turnover rate. The use of technology is also being influential in this regard. The organizations, which have integrated the advanced technology in their service, are gaining advantage. With the service of online food order, proving the facility of online feedback the organizations can provide better efficiency to their food and beverage department. In addition, as opined by Abu Khalifeh et al. (2013) the world is orienting towards the healthy eating habits in a very fast pace. With the introduction of various laws regarding healthy food production to the hotels and bars, the food departments of the hospitality industry is also facing a huge challenge. Hence, the organizations need to introduce healthy food options in their menu. 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